Wasted book food11/30/2023 The purpose of this paper was to provide a broad picture of FLW generation and prevention. Another review was conducted by Thyberg and Tonjes about the drivers of FLW and their implications for sustainable policy development. Their main finding was the limitations of research, such as lack of a consistent definition for FLW, absence of information for food loss (FL) in the transportation stage, and undeveloped methodologies of studies of FLW prevention. Schneider reviewed literature on FLW prevention at the global level. They found that, in the Arab world, there is insufficient concern, initiatives, and research related with FLW or its reduction. Abiad and Meho conducted a systematic review of FLW research in the Arab world. examined the global efforts and policy implications of reducing FLW. Many studies have examined the main drivers of FLW at stages of the food supply chain (FSC) or as a whole, and systematic reviews of these studies have also been conducted. FLW is an interdisciplinary subject that integrates studies from diverse fields ranging from agricultural and environmental studies to logistics and business. įLW has more recently become a substantial issue, as confirmed by the fact that the number of research publications has dramatically increased since the late 2000s. Such changes could lead to improved access to nutritious foods for vulnerable households. Several studies also showed that FLW reduction initiatives in developed countries could decrease food prices in developing countries, boost efficiency in their supply chain, and conserve resources that might be used to feed the hungry. According to Rutten, FLW represents dissipated investment in the agricultural sector and generates significant inefficiencies in the input aspects, such as land, labor, water, fertilizers, and energy. FW decomposes faster than other landfilled materials, with a higher methane yield and without any contribution to biogenic sequestration in that area. When FW is thrown into landfills, a substantial portion of FW is converted into greenhouse gas (GHG) and methane, which has a global warming potential 25 times higher than carbon dioxide. FLW also has serious environmental, economic, poverty, and natural resource impacts. įLW is a critical concern in terms of nutritional insecurity, as it decreases the availability of food for human consumption. The amount of Food Waste (FW) in industrialized countries, at approximately 222 million tons, is almost equal to the total net production in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) counties (230 million tons). A large portion of the food waste occurs after preparation, cooking, or serving, as well as from not consuming before the expiration date as a result of over-shopping, which might be associated with poor planning and bulk purchasing. Of this, 40% of FLW in developed countries occurs in the consumption stage, which is driven mostly by consumer behavior, values, and attitudes. The developed countries, including European, North American, and Oceanian countries, and the industrialized nations of Japan, South Korea, and China produce 56% of the world FLW. This is caused by poor practices, technical and technological limitations, labor and financial restrictions, and lack of proper infrastructure for transportation and storage. In less-developed countries, FLW occurs mainly in the post-harvest and processing stage, which accounts for approximately 44% of global FLW. The amount of FLW varies between countries, being influenced by level of income, urbanization, and economic growth. The amount of FLW is sufficient to alleviate one-eighth of the world’s population from undernourishment and address the global challenge to satisfy the increased food demand, which could reach about 150–170% of current demand by 2050. The monetary value of this amount of FLW is estimated at about USD $936 billion, regardless of the social and environmental costs of the wastage that are paid by society as a whole. Approximately one-third of all food produced for human consumption (1.3 billion tons of edible food) is lost and wasted across the entire supply chain every year. Food loss and waste (FLW) is recognized as a serious threat to food security, the economy, and the environment.
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